Oral pathology is a part or a branch of dentistry which deals with the nature, treating of conditions that have caused or resulted from morbid anatomic or functional changes in the structures of the mouth, identification, management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial tissues. It also deals with the investigation of causes, processes and effects of oral diseases.
Treating oral lesions formed in the mouth is the main purpose of oral pathology. Oral pathology is a study of causes and effects of oral diseases which are essential for curing and developing the preventive programs. In simple words, it can be explained as the branch of pathology that deals with the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs of the oral cavity that cause or are caused by the disease.
There are many types of diseases that affect the oral cavity of a person and these can only be diagnosed through microscopic examination. To treat these diseases, there are two types of oral pathologies.
1) Common oral pathology:
Traumatic ulcer, aphthous ulcer, odontogenic infection, mucocoele, benign migratory, glossitis (geographic tongue), pseudo membranous Candidiasis (thrush), heck's disease, primary hermetic Gingivitis are some of the diseases where common oral pathology comes into picture.
2)Newborn oral pathology:
Inclusion cysts, congenital epulis, melanoma neurectodermal tumor of infancy, partial ankyloglossia, natal/ neonatal teeth are some of the diseases where new born oral pathology comes into picture.
As germs are the common and major causes for dental problems. Hence, oral pathology that deals with the problems associated with the pathogens (like bacteria, germs, etc.), is given high significance in dentistry.
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