The Development of Industrial Management

The main development of industrial management is classified into three types. Here I am explaining those developments:

• Studies of Worker Performance: the first effort in the direction of improved efficiency was made by Frederick Winslow Taylor; he was an assistant foreman in the Midvale Steel Company in 1880. He was studied to determine whether workers used unnecessary motions and hence too much time in performing operations at a machine. Records were kept of the performance of workers and standards were adopted for each operation. The early studies resulted in a faster pace of work and the introduction of rest periods.
• Management of the Machine: Industrial management is studying the performance of machines as well as people. They find the specialist employees will keep machines in good working condition and to ensure the quality of their production. The flow of materials through the plant is supervised to ensure that neither workers nor machines are idle. Constant inspection is made to keep output up to standard.
  
• Other Aspects of Management: then the principles of scientific management have been gradually extended to every department of industry, including office work, financing, and marketing and established the personal departments in 1910. Many such improvements were made at the insistence of employee groups, especially labor unions. Over the years, workers and their unions also sought and often won higher wages and increased benefits, including group health and life insurance and liberal retirement pensions.